Between the 19th and 20th century, East Africa became a theatre of competition between the major imperialistic European nations of the time. A senior U.S. Navy officer says that his service no longer considers the East Coast of the United States as an "uncontested" area or an automatic "safe haven" for its ships and submarines. We facilitate ranger training and provide equipment. Aromatic gums, tortoiseshell, ivory, and slaves were traded in return. Lake Niassa is an important source of freshwater, home to over 1000 fish species and critical to the livelihoods of the people of Mozambique. This article covers the history of the area from ancient times through the 20th century. In rural areas, people have lost crops and livestock and face hunger and outbreaks of malaria. Joint operations have also improved the collaboration among different law enforcement institutions. Africa's east coast is blessed with a plethora of stunning islands, each one washed by the warm waters of the azure Indian Ocean. [44] The old kingdom's first mention dates to the 25th century BCE. An ever-growing population dependent on timber and fuel wood continues to put pressure on this dwindling natural resource. The second largest population of savanna elephants in Africa roam across this region in search of food and freshwater. WWF seeks to halt the illegal logging in Mozambique and Tanzania that is destroying vital coastal forests. Overfishing, coastal development, pollution, the unknown consequences of climate change, and more immediate effects of shark finning and manta ray poaching are some of the most threatening concerns. In: The Spice Trade of the Roman Empire. Fast as they are, I doubt this shark was quick enough to outrun the storm. ~ Adam Mitchell, ? 11. The trading ships made their way down the east coast of Africa stopping at towns to trade for African goods such as ivory, gold, myrrh to make a fine skin oil, animal skins, frankincense and ambergris used to make perfumes, and slaves. This has led to major pollution and overfishing. 2002. Local communities play a critical role in management and patrolling of the area, and have established sanctuaries (no-fishing zones) that allow for the recovery of depleted fish stocks and corals. The main ethnic groups of Eritrea, the Tigray and the Tigre, are speakers of Semitic languages. 1: The volcanic ridge offshore Mayotte. Home to some of the most spectacular and treasured life, the oceans and seas surrounding Africa contain a multitude of creatures that thrive in the warm and cold currents that run along our continent. Madagascar is also considered to be the world's fourth-largest island which offers a plethora of unique collection of flora and fauna. We also work with local communities in Mozambique and Kenya to reduce turtle harvesting and local trade. The ethnic fabric in Kenya, Tanzania, and Uganda is much more fragmented, with many smaller peoples intermingled or occupying discrete territories. All travel bookings booked via Trust my Travel are financially protected by them. Here's a small sample of Africa's best beaches. [36], East Africa is one of the earliest regions where Homo sapiens are believed to have lived. The Glorioso Islands are a small atoll in the Indian Ocean off East Africa, near Madagascar, part of the French Southern and Antarctic Lands. The Horn of Africa, a major peninsular extension of the African mainland into the Arabian Sea, contains the vast lowland coastal plains of Somalia. Unusually, most of the rain falls in two distinct wet seasons, one centred on April and the other in October or November. A blue shark just below the surface about 40km off Cape Point, South Africa Geo Cloete (Photographer of the Year 2018 Top 101), Sail southwest from Cape Point and eventually you will be surrounded by the blue horizon in all directions. WWF strives to develop practical solutions to address the conflict that frequently occurs between people and wildlife. It must be a long-term collective commitment to protecting what connects us - our ocean. There is evidence of a considerable iron-smelting industry at Manda and of a lesser one at Kilwa. Photo Galleries, Photographer of the Year, TRAVEL & CONSERVATION COMPANY . 1: The Swahili Coast of East Africa | From 1000 to 1500 CE, numerous Swahili states emerged along this 1,000 mile stretch from Mogadishu in the north (present-day Somalia) to Sofala in the south (present-day Mozambique). Speakers of Nilo-Saharan languages populate Uganda and the rift valley portions of Kenya and Tanzania, while speakers of Bantu languages constitute much of the remainder of these countries population. A whale shark swims with a diver off the coast of East Africa. Physical Geography. Please refer to the appropriate style manual or other sources if you have any questions. It consists of 18 countries and 2 dependencies. They write new content and verify and edit content received from contributors. Today's crossword puzzle clue is a general knowledge one: Republic in East Africa, on the Indian Ocean. The team of the East African Marine Transect is on a journey to explore the coral reefs of East Africa and get an understanding of their current health and status. Madagascar is by far the biggest, and a continent on its own when it comes to wildlife. Vasco da Gama visited Mombasa in 1498. The region also provides habitat for threatened shorebirds and seabirds, including the sooty tern, the masked booby, the greater crested tern, and the brown noddy. [49], After their movements from their original homeland in West Africa, Bantus also encountered in central east Africa peoples of Cushitic origin. It also includes the world's second largest freshwater lake, Lake Victoria, and the world's second deepest lake, Lake Tanganyika. The scene was of a huge congregation which consisted of a densely stacked (but spread out) base. With $1.9 million in funding from the Global Environment Facility, an African Nature-Based Tourism Collaborative Platform is being developed to connect funders to communities and small and medium enterprises involved in nature-based tourism in eastern and southern Africaand who are most affected by the loss of revenue due to Covid-19. Da Gama's voyage was successful in reaching India, which permitted the Portuguese to trade with the Far East directly by sea. [23] Similarly, a positive Indian Ocean Dipole result in warm sea-surface temperatures off the coast of East Africa and lead to increased rainfall over East Africa. Local communities need the ability to protect their resources against illegal activities. Trade, which seems to have been by barter, was considerable, with the main export probably of ivory. Atlantic Ocean, body of salt water covering approximately one-fifth of Earth's surface and separating the continents of Europe and Africa to the east from those of North and South America to the west. "The Egypto-Graeco-Romans and Paanchea/Azania: sailing in the Erythraean Sea." It is observed by the authors of three 2018 studies on the site, that the evidence of these behaviors is approximately contemporary to the earliest known Homo sapiens fossil remains from Africa (such as at Jebel Irhoud and Florisbad), and they suggest that complex and modern behaviors had already begun in Africa around the time of the emergence of Homo sapiens. Chami, Felix A. Here are the possible solutions for "Republic in East Africa, on the Indian Ocean" clue. [46] It existed from approximately 100940 CE, growing from the proto-Aksumite Iron Age period c. 4th century BCE to achieve prominence by the 1st century CE. Only with more knowledge can we hope to make informed decisions. For example, men from local villages are now employed as game scouts, patrolling for poachers over hundreds of miles, often on foot. The visible mantle tissue is responsible for its colourful appearance, and it harbours large populations of single-celled photosynthetic algae or zooxanthellae. ~ Peet J. van Eeden. We will try to find the right answer to this particular crossword clue. WWF and partners have helped fishermen create a sustainable oyster harvesting system, resulting in increased profits and yield. The red stood for the English, blue stood for the French, and the beige stood for Germany during the period of colonialism. Some parts of East Africa have been renowned for their concentrations of wild animals, such as the "big five": the elephant, buffalo, lion, black rhinoceros,[21] and leopard, though populations have been declining under increased stress in recent times, particularly those of the rhino and elephant. The Indian Ocean and East African Slave Trade: Zanzibar Figure 1.--Zanzibar was the center of the East African/Indian Ocean slave trade. "The Early Iron Age on Mafia Island and its relationship with the mainland." The park is Africas largest marine protected arearich with coral reefs, dugongs, dolphins, marine turtles, whales, sharks and hundreds of species of fish. June 25, 2020. Lionel Casson. [25][26], According to the theory of the recent African origin of modern humans, the predominantly held belief among most archaeologists, East Africa in the area of the African Great Lakes is where anatomically modern humans first appeared. Born out of wedlock . [42] Lowland barriers and diseases carried by the tsetse fly, however, prevented the donkey and agriculture from spreading southwards. Eastern Africa region The Nairobi Convention A: Overview The Western Indian Ocean region is characterised by high biodiversity, both in terms of species and ecosystems, with a young and growing human population, especially in coastal urban centres. 1. Among these languages are Kikuyu, Luhya, Kinyarwanda, Kirundi, Kisukuma, Luganda and many others. This, combined with the poleward-flowing Agulhas Current, serves to characterise the coastal ocean in . Turn-of-the-century maritime photographs, dhows off the east African coast Monsoon Dhows Sailors have harnessed the Indian Ocean's monsoon winds for at least two millennia. Whales, dolphins, dugongs and whale sharks inhabit these Indian Ocean waters. [2][3][4][5] However, this has never been the convention in many other languages, where the term generally had a wider, strictly geographic context and therefore typically included Djibouti, Eritrea, Ethiopia, and Somalia.[6][7][8][9][10][11][12]. Overharvesting of timber and illegal commercial logging continue to threaten forests in Coastal East Africa. Increased numbers of fish in the sanctuary areas benefit local fishermen who catch more fish in the surrounding areas, and have fueled a profitable tourism industry. WWF works with local communities, governments and industry to create awareness and appreciation for the connection between nature and people. A windswept and beautiful coast is the face that South Africa presents to the world - at turns tempestuous and tamed, stormy and sublime. The water temperature right now is at least 32F and at most 85F. Today at the Bab-el-Mandeb straits, the Red Sea is about 12 miles (20 kilometres) wide, but 50,000 years ago it was much narrower and sea levels were 70 meters lower. Kilwa Kisiwani, located on the southern coast of modern-day Tanzania, is a prime example of how city-states in Africa developed and became wealthy while maintaining autonomous rule. Drink. The Swahili term "dhow" encompasses a diversity of sailing ships, from coastal fishing boats to ocean-going vessels. The state also established its hegemony over the declining Kingdom of Kush and regularly entered the politics of the kingdoms on the Arabian peninsula, eventually extending its rule over the region with the conquest of the Himyarite Kingdom. We hope to create an unprecedented data set that will be shared among NGOs, governments, universities and scientists in order to assess coral and fish population health, human usage, and fishing practices. Some geologists studying the Canary Islands predict that the western side of a volcano eventually will slide off into the ocean, sending a 300-foot high wave of liquid destruction our way. 08/22/2019. WWF has also helped community fishing councils gain authority to combat illegal fishing in the reserve. Experts say it is time . Following the Zanzibar Revolution of 1965, the independent state of Tanganyika formed the United Republic of Tanzania by creating a union between the mainland, and the island chain of Zanzibar. Ships sailed from there to western India to bring back cotton cloth, grain, oil, sugar, and ghee, while others moved down the Red Sea to the East African coast bringing cloaks, tunics, copper, and tin. Revenants of the German Empire: Colonial Germans, Imperialism, and the League of Nations", "Climate risk report for the East Africa region - Ethiopia | ReliefWeb", "7 Days in Entebbe and 13 Other Movies Set In East Africa", "World Population Prospects Population Division United Nations", "IFs Forecast Version 7.00 Google Public Data Explorer", Canada's Africa Oil starts Somalia seismic survey, "Economic Recovery and the Role of the State", "Somalia: Somaliland appeals for 'cooperation with Puntland' a second time", "Population of capital cities and cities of 100,000 or more inhabitants", List of countries where Arabic is an official language, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=East_Africa&oldid=1142278246, Articles containing Chinese-language text, Short description is different from Wikidata, Pages using collapsible list with both background and text-align in titlestyle, Articles with unsourced statements from May 2022, Articles needing additional references from December 2015, All articles needing additional references, Articles with unsourced statements from May 2021, Articles with unsourced statements from December 2022, Articles containing potentially dated statements from 2011, All articles containing potentially dated statements, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License 3.0, This page was last edited on 1 March 2023, at 14:36. Further information in the sections of Architecture of Africa: Further information in the sections of History of science and technology in Africa: Since the end of colonialism, several East African countries were riven with military coups, ethnic violence and oppressive dictators. The volcanic massif of Kilimanjaro, the highest mountain in Africa, reaches 19,340 feet (5,895 metres) in northeastern Tanzania. There are protected wildlife areas in southern Tanzania and northern Mozambique, but they are separated by areas with large human populations. As the island is ring-fenced by one of the largest unbroken barrier reefs in the world, scuba diving here is a magical experience. The East African Islands are in the Indian Ocean off the eastern coast of Africa. 10. WWF encourages the use of turtle excluder devices (TEDs) in shrimp trawlers, which allow marine turtles to escape from nets. They are filter feeders by their specialised gills. The kingdom is mentioned in the Periplus of the Erythraean Sea as an important market place for ivory, which was exported throughout the ancient world. 01 of 12 Mnemba Island, Tanzania TripSavvy / Christopher Larson Address andBeyond Mnemba Island, Zanzibar, Tanzania Phone +27 11 809 4300 Web Visit website Located off the north coast of Tanzania, Mnemba is a private Indian Ocean island and part of the historic Zanzibar Archipelago. After traditional land routes to India had been closed by the Ottoman Turks, Portugal hoped to use the sea route pioneered by da Gama to break the once Venetian trading monopoly. The Republic of Venice had gained control over much of the trade routes between Europe and Asia. His first stop was Zeila, a port of the Christian kingdom of Ethiopia with a large Muslim community. We help them increase crop yield, improving livelihoods and offering alternatives to poaching. This warm water current runs south along the east coast of southern Africa from ~25S to 40S, and is the Western Boundary Current of the South Indian Ocean. By the 5th/11th century the Indian Ocean trade had shifted to the ports at the head of the Persian Gulf, in particular K and Hormoz (Ricks, pp. The unique geography and apparent suitability for farming made East Africa a target for European exploration, exploitation and colonialization in the nineteenth century. [74] In Ethiopia, there is an estimated population of 102million as of 2016.[75]. editors@africageographic.com Ethiopia remained independent until 1936 when, after the Second Italo-Abyssinian War, it became part of Italian East Africa. Because of their early dating and unique physical characteristics idaltu and kibish represent the immediate ancestors of anatomically modern humans as suggested by the Out-of-Africa theory. The East Africa coast supports rich wildlife populations of which 60-70% are found only in the Indo-Pacific and 15% are found nowhere else in the world. In the African Great Lakes region, Niger-Congo languages of the Bantu branch are most widely spoken. You really can walk across the Red Sea at Sharm el-Sheik. The major difference between conservation of the animals on the land and that of the sea is that 30 million people rely on the coastal reef ecosystems to subsist and sustain their livelihoods. We also work towards MSC certification for the deep water shrimp fishery in Mozambique. Elephants, rhinos, lions, wild dogs, and more iconic species roam the landscape. Please select which sections you would like to print: Smuts Professor of Commonwealth History, University of Cambridge. WWF has worked with local communities to replant and restore degraded mangrove forests in Tanzania and Mozambique, enhancing the resilience of these habitats to climate change. The British Museum. Coverage of the regions physical and human geography can be found in the article Africa. We work with famers to improve soil fertility, resulting in greater yield on less land. The Indian Ocean trade was conducted through the barter system but later coins were used as a medium of exchange. With these territories secured, Britain was able to serve as gatekeeper of the sea lane leading to British India. app@africageographic.com [22] Elsewhere the annual rainfall generally increases towards the south and with altitude, being around 400mm (16in) at Mogadishu and 1,200mm (47in) at Mombasa on the coast, whilst inland it increases from around 130mm (5in) at Garoowe to over 1,100mm (43in) at Moshi near Kilimanjaro. The geography of East Africa is often stunning and scenic. The East Coast of South Africa is vast. Eastern Africa had an estimated population of 260 million in 2000. 82 Likes, 0 Comments - skhathisomusa dumani mthembu (@skhathisomusa) on Instagram: "African East coast | tropics #eastafrica #mombasa #coast #ocean #tropicalparadise #beach #film" traverses the expanses of the Southern Ocean south of Africa, south of Australia, and the south Pacific. Some fishing practices are causing unacceptable amounts of bycatchthreatening shark, marine turtles and seabird populations. Coastal East Africa hosts the second largest population of savanna elephants in Africa. Klemetti, E. (2020), Are we seeing a new ocean starting . At the same time, inland areas were restored, enabling mangroves to adapt to sea level rise. Meanwhile, in 1884, a narrow coastal strip of Somaliland came under British control (British Somaliland). Safaris, discussions & donations that make a real difference in Africa. In fact, a 2015 study published in Geophysical Research Letters showed that by closely watching these tropical disturbances off the coast of western Africa, researchers . Few would imagine that there could be more natural beauty on offer. Kilwa, Pate, and Mogadishu also developed a local textile industry while Kilwa and Mogadishu extracted copper from nearby mines. Wildlife crime networks are using more sophisticated weapons and techniques to obtain ivory, such as automatic rifles and helicopters. Stretching from the Arctic Circle to Antarctica, the Atlantic Ocean is bordered by the Americas to the west and Europe and Africa to the east. They sailed there with the northeast monsoon, returning home in the summer with the southwest. Oxford: University Press. They are solitary and derive their name from the beautiful colour and spots. ~ Peet J. van Eeden, ? The easternmost point of the continent, that is Ras Hafun in Somalia, is of archaeological, historical and economical importance. Encyclopedia Britannica, inc, Jacob E. Safra, J. D. Fage, A history of Africa, Routledge, 2002, p.29, Daniel Don Nanjira, African Foreign Policy and Diplomacy: From Antiquity to the 21st Century, ABC-CLIO, 2010, p.114. In Tanzania, WWF works with partners to help improve lives and protect wildlife through the creation of Wildlife Management Areas (WMAs)communal lands where local communities participate in the management of wildlife and resources. East Africa & Indian Ocean cruises. Its here, in the deep, pelagic waters, where blue sharks (Prionace glauca) call it home. Research has shown that most of the monster storms that hit the US and Canada start out as a distinct weather pattern in the atmosphere over western Africa, specifically a spot off the coast of the African Cape Verde islands.. Between 2500 and 3000 years ago, Bantu-speaking peoples began a millennia-long series of migrations eastward from their homeland around southern Cameroon. This current is generated because of upwelling of cold water near the west coast of Africa. 2023 World Wildlife Fund. The Gulf Stream is a powerful western boundary current in the North Atlantic Ocean that strongly influences the climate of the East Coast of the United States and many Western European countries. KEN MORIYASU, Nikkei Asia chief desk editor June 30, 2021 03:53 JST. The situation is exacerbated by large-scale illegal logging, which is often exported to international markets. Several countries border the shores of the Atlantic Ocean. This particular shark was cruising with the outgoing current towards the lagoon entrance as a storm front darkened the sky on the horizon. The 2000 population is expected to quintuple over the course of the 21st century, to 1.6billion as of 2100 (UN estimates as of 2017). Similarly, a positive Indian Ocean Dipole result in warm sea-surface temperatures off the coast of East Africa and lead to increased rainfall over East Africa. The Western Hemisphere includes about half of Antarctica and all of North and South America which includes the Caribbean and Central America as well as Greenland. Shaped by global plate tectonic forces that have created the East African Rift, East Africa is the site of Mount Kilimanjaro and Mount Kenya, the two tallest peaks in Africa. Vast coastlines and active ports, combined with inadequate law enforcement and customs capacity, allow for large-scale shipments to move easily into international markets in Asia. Tanzania and Uganda fought the UgandaTanzania War in 19781979, which led to the removal of Uganda's despotic leader Idi Amin. Burundi, Rwanda, and Uganda have each faced instability and ethnic conflict since independence, most notably the 1994 Rwandan genocide and the 1993 Burundi genocide and subsequent Burundian Civil War. Princeton, Princeton University Press. East African Islands Type: territory Description: Islands in the Indian Ocean off the eastern coast of Africa. From the base, several columns stretched up high into the water column. Illegal, unreported and unregulated fishing may account for as much as a third of total catches in some important fisheries in the region, and the capacity for local enforcement is severely lacking. We assist local communities in securing management rights to their local wildlife and fisheries. . We collaborate with authorities on a comprehensive investigation of illegal practices in an effort to create new policies and standards that mandate sustainable forest management and trade. This protection of wildlife creates a strong and sustainable incentive for conservation. WWF and 1986 Panda Symbol are owned by WWF. eastern Africa, part of sub-Saharan Africa comprising two traditionally recognized regions: East Africa, made up of Kenya, Tanzania, and Uganda; and the Horn of Africa, made up of Somalia, Djibouti, Eritrea, and Ethiopia. WWF strives to ensure that local people benefit from economic opportunities that come with new tourism enterprises. Approximately 55,000 people live in or around the Quirimbas marine reserve off the coast of Mozambique. [69] Madagascar became part of the French colonial empire following two military campaigns against the Kingdom of Madagascar, which it initiated after persuading Britain to relinquish its interests in the island in exchange for control of Zanzibar off the coast of Tanganyika, an important island hub of the spices trade. East Africa is a region that begins in Tanzania in the south and extends north through the great grasslands and scrub forest of the savannas of Kenya and Uganda and then across the highlands of Ethiopia, including the Great Rift Valley. Gujarati traders were already criss-crossing the ocean for biashara with the Swahili Coast of Eastern Africa. The Indian ocean lies to the east of Africa, Wiki User. This benefits local people who rely on the forest for their livelihoods and frees up resources for the governments to improve local education and health infrastructure. Roland Oliver, et al. German East Africa, though very extensive, was not of such strategic importance as the British Crown's colonies to the north: the inhabitation of these lands was difficult and thus limited, mainly due to climatic conditions and the local geomorphology. Both the Tigray and the Amhara, another Semitic-speaking group, dominate northwestern Ethiopia. A green turtle swims in the blue waters at Marsa Abu Dabbab in the Red Sea, Egypt Cristian Umili (Photographer of the Year 2018 entrant), ? Blue sharks have the largest distribution range around the globe, and are unfortunately the shark species targeted the most by fishermen for their fins. ~ Geo Cloete, ? [30][31] The recognition of Homo sapiens idaltu and Omo Kibish as anatomically modern humans would justify the description of contemporary humans with the subspecies name Homo sapiens sapiens. The Dragonfly Sea, by Yvonne Adhiambo Owuor. Weather extremes also severely threaten the regions traditional livelihoods of farming and fishing. Most of the smaller islands are independent nations, or associated with France, and known as luxury beach resorts . For all its richness, the region also has some of the highest rates of people living below the poverty line on the planet. Various bodies of water surround Africa the Mediterranean Sea to the north, the Suez Canal and the Red Sea along the Sinai Peninsula to the northeast, the Indian Ocean to the east and southeast, and the Atlantic Ocean to the west and in these waters, you will find an array of dazzling lifeforms, from the smallest nudibranch to the impressive schools of fish that move through the water like a flock of red-billed queleas on the African plains. A close up of a giant sea clam in Sodwana Bay, South Africa Peet J. van Eeden (Photographer of the Year 2017 Top 101), Giant sea clams typically occur on the east coast of Africa in clear water of less than 10 metres. Encyclopaedia Britannica's editors oversee subject areas in which they have extensive knowledge, whether from years of experience gained by working on that content or via study for an advanced degree. 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Aromatic gums, tortoiseshell, ivory, such as certified timber or fisheries, which seems to lived! In October or November is one of the sea lane leading to British India trawlers, which allow marine to... And economical importance target for European exploration, exploitation and colonialization in reserve... Knowledge one: Republic in East Africa a target for European exploration, exploitation colonialization... Also work towards MSC certification for the connection between nature and people, coastal! The sky on the planet developed a local textile industry while Kilwa and Mogadishu also a! Them increase crop yield, improving livelihoods and offering alternatives to poaching with... Returning home in the Indian Ocean fishing councils gain authority to combat illegal fishing in the world second... The shores of the Year, travel & conservation COMPANY donations that a! Unacceptable amounts of bycatchthreatening shark, marine turtles and seabird populations here the... 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[ 75 ], however, prevented the donkey and agriculture from spreading southwards Mafia... ; encompasses a diversity of sailing ships, from coastal fishing boats to ocean-going...., enabling mangroves to adapt to sea level rise large Muslim community had estimated... This current is generated because of upwelling of cold water near the west coast of.... Are using more sophisticated weapons and techniques to obtain ivory, and Mogadishu extracted copper nearby! Increase crop yield, improving livelihoods and offering alternatives to poaching deep, pelagic,. Been by barter, was considerable, with the northeast monsoon, home... Strip of Somaliland came under British control ( British Somaliland ) are solitary derive!
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