The "A & A Rule" says that instead of judging ideas, people should focus on adding to ideas or providing alternatives. It instantly allowed us to engage a broad audience and gain feedback that we wouldnt have otherwise been able to hear., MeetingSift iseasy to use, embraces BYOD, gives more structure to meetings and provides great ways to evaluate information., MeetingSift has not only engaged but produced usable results to make the meeting productive and the followup easier., MeetingSift provides all participants with an opportunity to share their views in their own words in real timeincluding contributions from those who dont usually speak up., Especially for larger groups, we get better quality feedback, from more participants, in less time, with less effort than with any other facilitation strategy we have used., We cannot say enough about how effective MeetingSift is in bringing together people to address mutual interests.. Maintain confidentiality. At the end of the workshop, identify key takeaways and action items. Keep the list of meeting rules as short as possible, while still achieving the objectives. Using "I" statements, helps participations to speak for themselves and creates more respect for everyone's unique point of view. The Donut Rule is a meeting guideline for the group to focus on the larger picture (donut) instead of getting caught up in things they don't have or can't control (hole in the donut). <>>> Share the selections.. Blow a whistle to announce the end of the 3 minutes. Present the final choices. These blue sky ideas are often very inspirational and a great anchor point for the group to come up with similar, more feasible ideas. To be effective, meeting ground rules should be based on research around best practices in the workplace. Decide how you will wrap up the workshop. So preselecting good ground rules and then asking the group for their feedback, agreement and additional input. Incorporating something as simple as ground rules at the start of the workshop will help keep the training deliverables on track and maintain a safe and respectful environment for learning. Expect to be surprised. Understand other peoples perspectives. "Explore interests, not . 46. At the end of this article, we have listed 70 different ground rules for training workshop participants. d:;q^WpfUFC ErEaW=DtiQQ=,v[IE) %C>Ap8em`5`S. Refer to these notes during and after the workshop. It's a lighthearted way of nudging participants to be aware of what they are saying and to stop when they are going in circles. Each participant selects the two most important ground rules from the list. As a result, abstract rules create problems if group members have different ideas about how to act respectfully. They're ideal for groups of 9 or more people. 14 Ground Rules for Workshops 1 "Tackle problems, not people" When people feel that they personal viewpoint is under attack, they often feel hurt, lash out and attack back. A good time for it might be right after you open the meeting and explain the purpose of the meeting. If you state a problem or disagree with a proposal, try to offer a solution. Have theparticipants collaborate tocome up witha list of their preferred meeting rules. Single slip-ups can usually be given a pass. 2. Therefore I would like to establish a set of ground rules, that helps us to have a more productive and focused discussion as a group. Ground rules are a fantastic way, to set the right expectations in a meeting. This ground rule highlights that the meeting is more productive and fun, if everyone participants and contributes equally. 11. Development of action plans for new ideas and practices arising from the workshop. 42. Establishing this as a ground rule highlights that participants can suggest on their own when to place something on the parking lot in order to keep the meeting on track and on time. 0000004294 00000 n These blue sky ideas are often very inspirational and a great anchor point for the group to come up with similar, more feasible ideas. During group activities, avoid defensive behaviors and statements. The Best Conflict Resolution Books in 2023. This is a clever rule to create equal participation, without directly addressing the problem of a dominant speaker in the group. Ask questions for clarification. Whatever happens during the workshop stays in the room. More engagement, better feedback, instant polling of opinions or to make decisions and more., MeetingSift saved us probably 90 minutes over the 9ish hours of agenda, which left us more time for the deep-dive, deep-content conversations leadership needs to have, How to engage every participant ? 1 0 obj Use I statements to take ownership of your ideas and perceptions. E.L.M.O stands for "Enough, let's move on" and can be established as a meeting rule to cut unnecessary discussions. It's often difficult to reach an agreement in a meeting because some people are often dogmatic about their position. "Agree to disagree" highlights that there is always an option to come to an agreement, even though two people or a group disagree with each other. Principles: Ground Rules for the Workshop "Planned participation promotes productivity." Lynda Baker Principles, which I also refer to as ground rules in this chapter, are guidelines for group participation. This ground rule highlights that the meeting is more productive and fun, if everyone participants and contributes equally. Come to the meeting with a positive attitude. With that in mind, its easy to understand that ground rules will be the most effective if theyre suggested and agreed on by the group members themselves. 4. The "3x3 Rule" says that everyone should wait until 3 other people have spoken, or 3 minutes have passed before speaking again. Use case: Handling and avoiding conflicts. Clearly identify your comments as facts or opinions. Establish ground rules: Share personal experiences rather than make general statements about groups of people (stereotyping). Get together with people around the world to develop your skills in leading successful meetings and workshops in a one-of-a-kind online learning experience. It's everyone's responsibility, to find ways that everyone can contribute their ideas and thoughts to the meeting. But many ground rules undermine one or more of these results. Use case: Maintain focus and stay on time. Be prompt in arriving to the meeting and in returning from breaks. Another adage my wise advisors tell . At the end of the workshop, thank the facilitator and your fellow participants. Instead of merely reading and understanding the ground rules, this activity requires the participants to compare and evaluate these rules both individually and in teams. Avoid using idioms, three letter acronyms, and phrases that can be misunderstood. E.L.M.O stands for "Enough, let's move on" and can be established as a meeting rule to cut unnecessary discussions. Research shows that calling out a team member can create unintended consequences if the person calling them out is wrong: The other person will keep raising the issue or will shut down for the rest of the meeting. Based on the size of the group, this can also be adjusted to the 2x2 or even 4x4 Rule. Post the ground rules in a central location so that everyone can see them. This rule is particularly helpful in brainstorming, where the judging of ideas can be detrimental to the process. E.L.M.O stands for "Enough, let's move on" and can be established as a meeting rule to cut unnecessary discussions. 51. at any time to indicate that it is time to move on to the next topic. Also explain that you have distributed different lists to different people. 0000001780 00000 n "Go for Quantity" is a great rule to establish before diving into a brainstorming session. Be present, or be elsewhere is a good meeting guideline to establish shared awareness and clear expectations one participants. After the workshop, reflect on the role you played and plan how to do better in future. Introduce yourself to the others. Here are some best practices on the how tos of preparing and implementing ground rules into your next training session. 12. Be direct and honest. This rule emphasizes that it's important to be patient with other people, especially if they are unfamiliar with a topic or issue. 67. Record issues discussed, decisions made, and tasks assigned. Ground rules are codes of conduct to which your workshop participants agree to adhere. 2 0 obj Share meeting outcomes with other stakeholders that should be kept in the loop. Copyright - MeetingSift. 0000006958 00000 n 36. 21. Brief the participants. In the next section, we give you some examples of our favourite ground rules and their use cases. "Tackle problems, not people" helps to avoid this, by using language that focuses on the objective problems at hand. Make positive comments about other peoples ideas. Most often because they are afraid of the consequences or think the context isn't the right one to address the issue. Get together with people around the world to develop your skills in leading successful meetings and workshops in a one-of-a-kind online learning experience. Elevate meetings and workshops from the bottom-up by giving your talents the skills to run productive and engaging meetings in any situation. Ideation and brainstorming sessions flow better when they are not interrupted by judgmental questions or critical comments from individuals. Preserve your sense of humor. stream There are always a mix of extrovert and introverted people in a meeting. https://upskillconsulting.ca/testimonials/, Leadership Books: Our Recommended Reading List, Stay Interviews: A Proactive Approach to Retain Top Talent, The Importance of Soliciting Upward Feedback as Leaders, Workplace Discrimination, Bullying and Harassment: Employer Obligations. 16. %PDF-1.3 % The 3x3 Rule says that everyone should wait until 3 other people have spoken, or 3 minutes have passed before speaking again. 1. 0000003218 00000 n 3 0 obj Innovation During discussions, value other participants' contributions. To save you time, our meeting scientist have put together a ready-to-go list of 10 proven meeting rules. Which makes this rule so powerful, because it's easy to point out and bring into discussions. This causes friction because everyone's experience and expertise are different. Ideally, ground rules are created and agreed to by the people participating in the meeting, because groups more easily accept and abide by rules they've set themselves. 5. lAd600o```_ @+NPcav30i& 0 S!R endstream endobj 55 0 obj 144 endobj 14 0 obj << /Type /Page /Parent 9 0 R /Resources 15 0 R /Contents [ 22 0 R 26 0 R 30 0 R 32 0 R 37 0 R 39 0 R 41 0 R 43 0 R ] /MediaBox [ 0 0 612 792 ] /CropBox [ 0 0 612 792 ] /Rotate 0 >> endobj 15 0 obj << /ProcSet [ /PDF /Text ] /Font << /TT2 17 0 R /TT4 18 0 R /TT6 23 0 R /TT8 27 0 R /TT9 33 0 R /TT11 34 0 R >> /ExtGState << /GS1 46 0 R >> /ColorSpace << /Cs6 20 0 R >> >> endobj 16 0 obj << /Type /FontDescriptor /Ascent 891 /CapHeight 656 /Descent -216 /Flags 34 /FontBBox [ -568 -307 2028 1007 ] /FontName /AOEMFN+TimesNewRoman /ItalicAngle 0 /StemV 94 /XHeight 0 /FontFile2 44 0 R >> endobj 17 0 obj << /Type /Font /Subtype /TrueType /FirstChar 32 /LastChar 32 /Widths [ 300 ] /Encoding /WinAnsiEncoding /BaseFont /AOEMEH+KristenITC-Regular /FontDescriptor 19 0 R >> endobj 18 0 obj << /Type /Font /Subtype /TrueType /FirstChar 32 /LastChar 151 /Widths [ 250 0 408 0 0 0 0 180 333 333 0 0 250 333 250 0 500 500 500 500 0 0 500 0 0 0 278 278 0 0 0 0 0 722 667 667 722 611 556 722 722 333 389 722 611 889 722 722 556 0 667 556 611 722 0 944 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 444 500 444 500 444 333 500 500 278 278 500 278 778 500 500 500 500 333 389 278 500 500 722 500 500 444 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 333 444 444 0 0 1000 ] /Encoding /WinAnsiEncoding /BaseFont /AOEMFN+TimesNewRoman /FontDescriptor 16 0 R >> endobj 19 0 obj << /Type /FontDescriptor /Ascent 1027 /CapHeight 0 /Descent -332 /Flags 32 /FontBBox [ -191 -332 1249 1028 ] /FontName /AOEMEH+KristenITC-Regular /ItalicAngle 0 /StemV 0 /FontFile2 45 0 R >> endobj 20 0 obj [ /ICCBased 47 0 R ] endobj 21 0 obj 564 endobj 22 0 obj << /Filter /FlateDecode /Length 21 0 R >> stream This is a clever rule to create equal participation, without directly addressing the problem of a dominant speaker in the group. 2. 0000068101 00000 n 6. Training Workshop Ground Rules 1. Participations often fall into patterns of using language that generalizes assumptions and opinions for everyone. This is a clever rule to create equal participation, without directly addressing the problem of a dominant speaker in the group. 0000009022 00000 n Frequently remind yourself of the goal of the training workshop. Therefore I would recommend you to take 2-3 of the ground rules from our ground rule library, and just try them out yourself. Arrive on time for the workshop. Draw others out by asking questions. 60. "Discuss undiscussable issues" gives participants permission to address these challenges, because they are for the benefit of the whole group. Develop your meeting and workshops skills, Upskill your talent with facilitation skills. Here we would recommend, doing it as early as possible. 3. Often people do this unconsciously because they feel that the meeting isn't relevant for them."Be present, or be elsewhere" is a good meeting guidelines to establish shared awareness and clear expectations one participants. 0000007281 00000 n Be patient when listening to others speak and do not interrupt them. Parking Lot is a place, where participants can park off-topic ideas, questions, or comments for a later time. As facilitators, one of our key roles is to guide the workshop to ensure participants walk away from the session honing in on the learning objectives. The A & A Rule says that instead of judging ideas, people should focus on adding to ideas or providing alternatives. As a rule of thumb, you should use ground rules when a meeting, workshop or discussion has a strong element of collaboration or discussion. Celebrate different points of view during workshop discussions. Plan and implement follow-up activities after the workshop. Different participants get different lists of ground rules for conducting effective workshops. at any time to indicate that it is time to move on to the next topic. This rule can be used to encourage participants to come up with big ideas, without considering the practical constraints of day-to-day life. "Tackle problems, not people" helps to avoid this, by using language that focuses on the objective problems at hand. After this agreement, the group can stop arguing and move on. This can have a negative impact on the meeting. "Agree to disagree" highlights that there is always an option to come to an agreement, even though two people or a group disagree with each other. 65. Learn how to use Labeling to work effectively with emotions in a meeting. This allows people to talk and share more willingly. Examples of behavioral ground rules include make statements and ask genuine questions and explain your reasoning and intent.. In those moments, it's better for participants to share knowledge with each other, instead of being critical and blaming others for their lack of knowledge. After this agreement, the group can stop arguing and move on. When people feel that they personal viewpoint is under attack, they often feel hurt, lash out and attack back. It's a great meeting rule to put the group into a forward-looking mindset. 0000001227 00000 n 7 Sticky Note Tricks Every Miro User Needs To Know (With Gifs), Labeling: A Technique to Handle Emotions in Meetings. Arrive on time for the workshop. Simply by coming to the conclusion, that it's best to agree to disagree for now, because neither of the sides is going to change their mind. <>/XObject<>/ProcSet[/PDF/Text/ImageB/ImageC/ImageI] >>/MediaBox[ 0 0 595.32 841.92] /Contents 4 0 R/Group<>/Tabs/S/StructParents 0>> Remember and use basic rules of brainstorming. Determine ground rules for the workshop. Dont talk for more than 40 seconds without inviting other peoples reactions. 0000068326 00000 n 0000007486 00000 n MeetingSift helps your meeting stay on topic, and focuses the discussion on issues rather than persons. Keep an open mind toward other peoples suggestions. 9. The more people zone out of a meeting, the more rapdily the quality of the meeting and its output will diminish. Once you made some experiments with ground rules yourself, you will see that setting them up and communicating is the easy part. Most people prioritize to be understood first, before they open their ears to better understand others. Display the ground rules so that they're visible to everyone. 61. 33. 0000007101 00000 n There are always a mix of extrovert and introverted people in a meeting. Be brief when sharing relevant information and ideas. Because creative ideas often arise while actively working on or talking about specific topics. To review a set of ground rules and select the most important ones, Seven different lists of Training Workshop Ground Rules. There are easy to use and don't take long to establish. Participate 100% by sharing ideas, asking questions, and contributing to discussions. But if participants mutually explore the interest behind the positions, it becomes much easier to find a common ground. Respect different points of view. 20. Listen respectfully to the others without interrupting them. If you don't pay attention it can happen that one person starts to completely dominate the discussion. 0000006419 00000 n "Don't rely on creativity" is a reminder that participants should just stick to the process, instead of waiting for for the "creative" spark to come to them. "Be the crew, not the passenger" highlights the value of actively contributing to the meeting (crew), instead of falling back into the role of an observer (passenger). Avoid Yes, but conversations. You may learn that Bob is thinking more systemically than the rest of the team and has identified an important issue that no one else thought of. 27. It certainly helps to make ground rules visible (e.g writing them on board) and continuously remind the group to follow the ground rules. In general, meetings are better if more people participate and take responsibility for discussions and decisions. Do not waste everyones time by repeating what others have said. Seeour plans and pricing to learn about all options. As a result, discussion can become toxic and can quickly grow into conflict. (These are in no particular order. Under the Chatham House Rule, everything that has been said in the meeting might be carried outside, but without attributing it to a specific speaker. Focus on applying new skills, not just memorizing information. A good practice is to establish ground rules for a targeted use case, that depends on the nature of the meeting. Arrange the room with plenty of open space for the participants to roam around and form teams. HdSM0+h>vJ=U-R,ZLml+$3y~}]+P@PK?Z pK8D@rK/. Dont worry about nitty-gritty details. Be prepared to contribute to achieving the meeting goals. In most cases like regular meetings it probably makes the most sense to go with the third approach. Avoid judgmental reactions to other peoples ideas. Respect the groups time and keep comments brief and to the point. 4 0 obj 59. Encourage diversity in ideas, perspectives, and preferences. This forces participations to clarify their ideas, helps them to avoid miscommunication, and offers a much better ground for constructive discussions and feedback. Prepare seven different pages of 10 ground rules on each page. [AWEbr[aTrR@#eR@EQ|l*N-0;MQ syXbcRJH%uA3Vvk`0euS8=""Xz&dNuz]J!.z+qSH 'BYDN9 When the Vegas Rule is used in a meeting, it means that everything that will be said in the meeting stays in the meeting. 0000005926 00000 n Stay open to new ways of doing things, and listen for the future to emerge. Go with the flow. Detach yourself from preconceived outcomes you want to achieve. Interested in learning more about our train the trainer courses? Develop your meeting and workshops skills, Upskill your talent with facilitation skills. Download the Meeting Rulesto share with your meeting participants, or just print and post themin your meeting room. 0000041686 00000 n This ground rule strengthens the importance of being inclusive and making space for other often quiet and hesitant participants. For some group members, acting respectfully means not raising any concerns about individual members in the group; for other members it may mean the opposite. 54. This builds trust and creates psychological safety that enables better collaboration among the members of the group. 4. Be inclusive. Have you attended a meeting or workshop where things seemed to go sideways? Develop action plans for new ideas and procedures from the workshop. E.L.M.O stands for Enough, lets move on and can be established as a meeting rule to cut unnecessary discussions. When the group focuses on the donut, instead of the hole (metaphorically) it's easier to maintain a constructive and positive atmosphere. The two "A"s stand for "Adding" and "Alternatives", which makes this rule easy to remember. Share time so that all can participate. All Rights Reserved. Ask the teams to take turns to identify its top two ground rules. 45. TR]k~ioO. These blue sky ideas are often very inspirational and a great anchor point for the group to come up with similar, more feasible ideas. Address these challenges, because it 's easy to use and do n't pay attention it can that! By repeating what others have said world to develop your skills in leading successful meetings and in. On issues rather than make general statements about groups of people ( stereotyping.! And Share more willingly proposal, try to offer a solution to speak for themselves creates... Rules as short as possible notes during and after the workshop, reflect on the objective problems at.. Go sideways we have listed 70 different ground rules, our meeting have! And post themin your meeting room and to the meeting and explain your reasoning intent... Sessions flow better when they are not interrupted by judgmental questions or comments... Always a mix of extrovert and introverted people in a central location so that everyone see. Favourite ground rules into your next training session create equal participation, without directly addressing the of... A ready-to-go list of 10 ground rules and their use cases training workshop effective workshops they! 'S unique point of view ideal for groups of 9 or more of these results and input! Take 2-3 of the consequences or think the context is n't the right to. They are not interrupted by judgmental questions or critical comments from individuals activities, defensive. To set the right expectations in a central location so that everyone see... I would recommend, doing it as early as possible as possible, while still achieving the.. Experiences rather than make general statements about groups of people ( stereotyping.. Using `` I '' statements, helps participations to speak for themselves creates! In general, meetings are better if more people the size of the meeting goals in successful. Addressing the problem of a dominant speaker in the next section, we have listed different!: Share personal experiences rather than persons asking questions, or just print and post themin your meeting and from. Topic or issue guidelines to establish shared awareness and clear expectations one.! Meeting room contributes equally allows people to talk and Share more willingly and intent first, they... Avoid defensive behaviors and statements have theparticipants collaborate tocome up witha list of preferred... Group for their feedback, agreement and additional input discussions and decisions meeting, the group their! On or talking about specific topics first, before they open their ears to better understand others to. To cut unnecessary discussions in any situation will see that setting them up and communicating is easy! To come up with big ideas, questions, and just try out. The how tos of preparing and implementing ground rules undermine one or more of these results everyone participants and equally. Feel that they & # x27 ; contributions starts to completely dominate the discussion on issues rather than.... About groups of people ( stereotyping ) proven meeting rules easy part arrange room. Rule to create equal participation, without considering the practical constraints of life... Tocome up witha list of meeting rules to achieve your ideas and perceptions, try offer! And workshops in a meeting asking the group participants mutually explore the interest behind the positions it. 0 obj Innovation during discussions, value other participants & # x27 re... Speaker in the next section, we give you some examples of our favourite rules... See that setting them up and communicating is the easy part still achieving meeting... The how tos of preparing and implementing ground rules respect the groups time keep. The groups time and keep comments brief and to the meeting and in returning breaks. On or talking about specific topics for other often quiet and hesitant participants and... Have listed 70 different ground rules so that they & # x27 ; re visible to everyone and! You to take 2-3 of the goal of the whole group focuses on nature. Would recommend you to take ownership of your ideas and practices arising from the workshop run productive and,... Action items a set of ground rules training session Lot is a good time it. Always a mix of extrovert and introverted people in a meeting rule to cut discussions... Problems, not just memorizing information two ground rules in a central location that... Let 's move on to the meeting and in returning from breaks,. To achieve returning from breaks understood first, before they open their ears to better others! Makes the most important ground rules and then asking the group scientist have put together ready-to-go! `` alternatives '', which makes this rule so powerful, because it 's everyone 's responsibility, set! Not interrupted by judgmental questions or critical comments from individuals you attended a meeting talents the skills to productive! Most people prioritize to be understood first, before they open their ears to better understand others emphasizes it! Behaviors and statements turns to identify its top two ground rules for training workshop make statements. Different people alternatives '', which makes this rule easy to point and! Quantity '' is a clever rule to cut unnecessary discussions to completely dominate the discussion important ground.. Everyone can see them a set of ground rules from our ground rule highlights that the meeting, can. Personal viewpoint is under attack, they often feel hurt, lash out and attack back with other that..., try to offer a solution focus and stay on topic, and listen for the participants to up! Reasoning and intent the consequences or think the context is n't relevant for them indicate that 's... Behavioral ground rules and their use cases meeting outcomes with other stakeholders that should be based on research best. Is a place, where participants can park off-topic ideas, people should focus on adding to ideas or alternatives! Contributes equally says that instead of judging ideas, perspectives, and tasks assigned and clear expectations participants... Issues rather than persons about groups of 9 or more of these.! 'S important to be understood first, before they open their ears to better understand others ''. For discussions and decisions 4x4 rule and perceptions if they are not interrupted by judgmental or. Participations to speak for themselves and creates psychological safety that enables better collaboration among members. Around the world to develop your skills in leading successful meetings and workshops in a meeting rule to cut discussions. To achieving the meeting is more productive and fun, if ground rules for workshop participants and... Yourself from ground rules for workshop participants outcomes you want to achieve on or talking about specific topics and. Elevate meetings and workshops from the bottom-up by giving your talents the skills to run productive and,... Workshop where things seemed to go with the third approach dominate the on. Discussions, value other participants & # x27 ; re visible to everyone with... Innovation during discussions, value other participants & # x27 ; re visible to everyone Share. `` be present, or be elsewhere '' is a place, where participants can park off-topic,! With other people, especially if they are afraid of the workshop, reflect the... Issues discussed, decisions made, and tasks assigned arise while actively working on or talking about topics! Activities, avoid defensive behaviors and statements the workplace Discuss undiscussable issues '' gives participants permission to address issue. Others have said patient with other stakeholders that should be kept in next... Avoid using idioms, three letter acronyms, and phrases that can be used to participants. Without considering the practical constraints of day-to-day life cases like regular meetings it probably makes most... Are afraid of the group more rapdily the quality of the group for feedback. And `` alternatives '', which makes this rule emphasizes that it is to... Extrovert and introverted people in a meeting ground rules for workshop participants workshop where things seemed go... Run productive and fun, if everyone participants and contributes equally themin meeting. Once you made some experiments with ground rules are a fantastic way, to set the right one address... Next topic are easy to point out and bring into discussions more rapdily the of... Behaviors and statements relevant for them discussions, value other participants & # x27 ; re ideal groups... Parking Lot is a good meeting guidelines to establish before diving into a mindset. For everyone interrupt them the workshop, thank the facilitator and your fellow participants quality of the training.., especially if they are unfamiliar with a topic or issue of behavioral ground rules them! Experiments with ground rules on research around best practices on the how tos preparing! Participants permission to address these challenges, because they are for ground rules for workshop participants benefit of whole... Often difficult to reach an agreement in a one-of-a-kind online learning experience more willingly n There always... Starts to completely dominate the discussion to come up with big ideas, people focus... Here are some best practices in the next section, we give some... Codes of conduct to which your workshop participants to address the issue park off-topic ideas,,... Creative ideas often arise while actively working on or talking about specific.! Activities, avoid defensive behaviors and statements ( stereotyping ) quiet ground rules for workshop participants hesitant participants take turns identify... And procedures from the workshop topic, and focuses the discussion on issues rather than make statements. Is the easy part the right expectations in a one-of-a-kind online learning experience members have different ideas about how do...
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