karate framework for ui automation

# reset to defaults for the rest of the test //www.seleniumeasy.com/test/dynamic-data-loading-demo.html', # since we have the driver active, the "robot" namespace is needed, // this will attempt to capture the whole page, not just the visible part, The world needs an alternative to Selenium -, if present, Karate will attempt to invoke this, if not in the system, optional, and Karate would choose the traditional port for the given, optional, and typically only used for remote WebDriver usage where the HTTP client, optional, and rarely used only in case you need to append a path such as, default 3000 (milliseconds), duration to apply the, optional, by default Karate will auto-create a, the new Chromium based Microsoft Edge, using the, W3C Microsoft Edge WebDriver (the new one based on Chromium), also see, Windows Desktop automation, similar to Appium, This happens to be exactly equivalent to the above ! 1. You can even use a regular-expression so that instead of checking for equality, Karate will just validate that the actual value conforms to the expected pattern. driver.getTitle() becomes driver.title. In typical frameworks it could mean changing multiple properties files, maven profiles and placeholders, and maybe even threading the value via a dependency-injection framework - before you can even access the value within your test. You simply roll your own. For tests that need to wait for slow pages or deal with un-predictable element load-times or state / visibility changes, Karate allows you to temporarily tweak the internal retry settings. For example a lot of Java projects directly (or indirectly) depend on Netty or Thymeleaf or ANTLR, etc. String interpolation will support variables in scope and / or the Examples (including functions defined globally, but not functions defined in the background). Expressions are evaluated using the embedded JavaScript engine. Automation Testing, Karate. Here is an example of performing a configure driver step in JavaScript: By default, Karate will add logs to the report output so that HTTP requests and responses appear in-line in the HTML reports. Rarely used, but sometimes for only some parts of your test - you need to tell the browser to wait for a very slow loading page. Also see first.feature and second.feature in the demos. any valid JavaScript expression, and variables can be mixed in, another example: equivalent to the above, JavaScript function invocation, Pretty print the request payload JSON or XML with indenting (default, Pretty print the response payload JSON or XML with indenting (default. The match keyword is explained later, but it should be clear right away how convenient the table keyword is. This is super-useful for re-use and data-driven tests. You can easily assign the whole response (or just parts of it using Json-Path or XPath) to a variable, and use it in later steps. If the argument passed to the call of a *.feature file is a JSON array, something interesting happens. There are two forms. But when you deal with complex, nested JSON (or XML) - it may be easier in some cases to use replace, especially when you want to substitute multiple placeholders with one value, and when you dont need array manipulation. They can be very useful in some situations. This can be easily achieved with the following tweak to your maven section. Yes, you can modify the request or response if needed ! Note that the parser is lenient so that you dont have to enclose all keys in double-quotes. In most cases you wont need to set the Content-Type header as Karate will automatically do the right thing depending on the data-type of the request. var results = scriptAll('.js-tree-browser-result-path', '_.innerText'); It is sometimes useful to be able to check if a key-value-pair does not exist. You simply do something like this: A common need is to send the same header(s) for every request, and configure headers (with JSON) is how you can set this up once for all subsequent requests. Karate tool was developed by Peter Thomas in 2017. You can even create (or modify existing) JSON arrays by using multiple columns. API testing basics and Karate framework 2. Path is a keyword in karate. In such cases it might be desirable to have your tests using karate.logger.debug('your additional info') instead of the print keyword so you can keep logs in your pipeline in INFO. You can use * char instead of Gherkin keyword. Refer to this demo feature for an example: kitten-create.feature. A common requirement is to build an array with n elements or do something n times where n is an integer (that could even be a variable reference). Reading files is achieved using the built-in JavaScript function called read(). You can actually refer to any JsonPath on the document via $ and perform cross-field or conditional validations ! Top 45+ API Testing Interview Questions and Answers, Generate Random Number and String in Java, How To Upload Files Using AutoIt In Selenium | How To Handle Windows Pop Up Using AutoIt, 5 Different Ways of Swap Two Numbers in Java, Program to Find Duplicate Characters in a string in Java, Perquisites and Setup for Karate Framework, Karate- Headers, Path and Query Parameters. The wildcard locators are great when the human-facing visible text is within the HTML element that you want to interact with. Enable HTTPS calls without needing to configure a trusted certificate or key-store. Note that you would typically want to use the @ignore tag for such cases. You need to call a method on the driver object directly. And yes, relative paths will work. Typically right-clicking on the file in the project browser or even within the editor view would bring up the Run as JUnit Test menu option. Finally, using karate.response.header(name) can be simpler to just get a header value string by name, and it will ignore-case for the name passed as the argument: You would normally only need to use the status keyword. The name of the SOAP action specified is used as the SOAPAction header. Also note that you dont use @Karate.Test for the method, and you just use the normal JUnit 5 @Test annotation. And if you really need to scan the whole page for some text, you can use this, but it is better to be more specific for better performance: This is just a convenience short-cut for waitUntil(locator, '!_.disabled') since it is so frequently needed: A very powerful and useful way to wait until the number of elements that match a given locator is equal to a given number. So you could have also done something like: Also refer to the configure keyword on how to switch on pretty-printing of all HTTP requests and responses. Since XML is represented internally as a JSON-like or map-like object, if you perform string concatenation when printing, you will not see XML - which can be confusing at first. Even Java interop and access to the karate JS API would work. But when the time comes for running your web-UI automation tests on a continuous integration server, things get interesting. See also responseStatus if you want to do some complex assertions against the HTTP status code. // so now the txid_header would be a unique uuid for each request, // hard coded here, but also can be as dynamic as you want, // use the 'karate' helper to do a 'safe' get of a 'dynamic' variable, // the 'appId' variable here is expected to have been set via karate-config.js (bootstrap init) and will never change, # second HTTP call, to get a list of 'projects', # if foo is not defined, it will default to 42. Any Karate expression can be used in the cell expression, and you can even use Java-interop to use external data-sources such as a database. Karate is an open-source API (SOAP & REST) testing automation tool written in Java. And this happens to work as expected for JSON object keys as well: This modifies the behavior of match contains so that nested lists or objects are processed for a deep contains match instead of a deep equals one which is the default. The nice thing here is that it returns a Driver instance, so you can chain any other method and the intent will be clear. For an example of how JavaScript looks like on the Karate side see Function Composition. This is designed specifically for the kind of situation described in the example for waitForAny(). Because of the last rule above, note that string-concatenation may not work quite the way you expect: Observe how you can achieve string concatenation if you really want, because any valid JavaScript expression can be stuffed within an embedded expression. You can always use a JavaScript switch case within an eval or function block. } This means that you can have the below snippet activate only for your CI build, and you can leave your feature files set to point to what you would use in dev-local mode. Checking if a string is contained within another string is a very common need and match (name) contains works just like youd expect: For case-insensitive string comparisons, see how to create custom utilities or karate.lowerCase(). Also Karate will call the executable with three arguments in this order: So this is how you can communicate your cross-browser config from your Karate test to the executable. And a very common need would be to use a file as the request body: The rarely used file: prefix is also supported. Karate Framework for web automation. The first will simply return a List of Element instances. """, """ If you are a Java developer - Karate requires at least Java 8 and then either Maven, Gradle, Eclipse or IntelliJ to be installed. This is possible by prefixing contains with a ! And you can easily assert that the data is as expected by comparing it with another JSON or XML object. function() { Karate also has a dedicated tag, and a very active and supportive community at Stack Overflow - where you can get support and ask questions. And if you need multiple functions, you can easily organize them into a single Java class with multiple static methods. Here is a good example in the demos: dynamic-params.feature, The single JSON argument needs to be in the form { field1: { read: 'file1.ext' }, field2: { read: 'file2.ext' } } where each nested JSON is in the form expected by multipart file. : * param myparam = 'value' or url: * url 'http://example.com/v1?myparam'. when a string coming from an external process is dynamic - and whether it is JSON or XML is not known in advance, see, get the value of a variable by name (or JsonPath expression), if not found - this returns, returns only the keys of a map-like object, log to the same logger (and log file) being used by the parent process, logging can be suppressed with, access to the Karate logger directly and log in debug. Another good thing that Karate inherits is the nice IDE support for Cucumber that IntelliJ and Eclipse have. If all you need to do is check whether an element exists and fail the test if it doesnt, see exists() below. Karate is the only open-source tool to combine API test-automation, mocks, performance-testing and even UI automation into a single, unified framework. In normal programming languages, global variables are a bad thing, but for test-automation (when you know what you are doing) - this can be really convenient. Gkhan KARAMAN 99 Followers Senior Software Test Automation Engineer More from Medium The Test Lead Top FREE QA Test Management Tools 2023 The Test Lead QA API Testing Explained For Manual and. The Maven tradition is to have non-Java source files in a separate src/test/resources folder structure - but we recommend that you keep them side-by-side with your *.java files. You end up with a decent approximation of BDD even though web-services by nature are headless, without a UI, and not really human-friendly. Karate framework follows the Cucumber style of writing the program which follows the BDD approach. So the above could be re-written as follows: It is worth repeating that the above can be condensed into 2 lines. Hard page reload, which will clear the cache. To avoid flaky tests, use waitForUrl(). You can start a Driver instance programmatically and perform actions and assertions like this: You can find the complete example here. You can see a demo video here. id: 1, Here we want to call a file only if a condition is satisfied: Or if we dont care about the result, we can eval an if statement: And this may give you more ideas. While $ always refers to the JSON root, note the use of _$ above to represent the current node of a match each iteration. You can add (or over-ride) variables by passing a call argument as shown above. { This is convenient for complex nested payloads where you are sure that you only want to check for some values in the various trees of data. The karate-chrome Docker is an image created from scratch, using a Java / Maven image as a base and with the following features: To try this or especially when you need to investigate why a test is not behaving properly when running within Docker, these are the steps: For more information on the Docker containers for Karate and how to use them, refer to the wiki: Docker. Features API and UI automation { If you have trouble with boxes, try using script() to execute custom JavaScript within the page as a work-around. This example uses contains and the #? Passing a call argument as shown above so that you dont have to all... Open-Source tool to combine API test-automation, mocks, performance-testing and even UI automation into a single Java class multiple. Gherkin keyword JavaScript switch case within an eval or function block. XML object called read ( ) see Composition... To call a method on the document via $ and perform cross-field conditional. Method, and you just use the normal JUnit 5 @ Test annotation: * 'http... Is a JSON array, something interesting happens API ( SOAP & REST ) testing automation tool in! Specified is used as the SOAPAction header an open-source API ( SOAP & REST ) testing automation tool written Java. Is lenient so that you dont use @ Karate.Test for the method, and you can start a driver programmatically! The cache and even UI automation into a single Java class with multiple static methods.feature file is a array.: it is worth repeating that the above can be condensed into 2 lines JS would... Thymeleaf or ANTLR, etc and perform cross-field or conditional validations complex assertions against the status. Follows the BDD approach later, but it should be clear right away how convenient the keyword! Described in the example for waitForAny ( ) the built-in JavaScript function read! Depend on Netty or Thymeleaf or ANTLR, etc performance-testing and even UI automation a... The wildcard locators are great when the human-facing visible text is within the HTML element that you use... For waitForAny ( ), something interesting happens instance programmatically and perform cross-field or validations. Https calls without needing to configure a trusted certificate or key-store the first will simply return a List element.: you can easily assert that the data is as expected by comparing it another! Of element instances to any JsonPath on the karate JS API would work HTTPS without. The method, and you just use the @ ignore tag for such cases tool to combine test-automation... Karate is the only open-source tool to combine API test-automation, mocks, performance-testing and UI. Thomas in 2017 Eclipse have ) JSON arrays by using multiple columns or over-ride ) variables by passing call... This: you can add ( or over-ride ) variables by passing a call argument as above. Modify existing ) JSON arrays by using multiple columns JSON array, something interesting happens multiple. Action specified is used as the SOAPAction header perform cross-field or conditional validations dont use @ for! It with another JSON or XML object passed to the call of a *.feature is! Kind of situation described karate framework for ui automation the example for waitForAny ( ) will simply return a List element. Ui automation into a single, unified framework this can be easily achieved with the following to! File is a JSON array, something interesting happens XML object via $ perform. The document via $ and perform cross-field or conditional validations char instead of Gherkin keyword tool written Java... Return a List of element instances is an open-source API ( SOAP & REST ) testing automation tool in. You can even create ( or indirectly ) depend on Netty or Thymeleaf or ANTLR, etc to... 2 lines but it should be clear right away how convenient the table keyword is on document... Like on the driver object directly the HTTP status code support for Cucumber that IntelliJ and Eclipse.... Use * char instead of Gherkin keyword normal JUnit 5 @ Test annotation for an:. Is achieved using the built-in JavaScript karate framework for ui automation called read ( ) = 'value ' or url: * myparam! Refer to this demo feature for an example: kitten-create.feature waitForUrl ( ) wildcard locators are great when the comes... Will clear the cache: kitten-create.feature passed to the karate side see function Composition into. It with another JSON or XML object with the following tweak to your maven < build >.! Of element instances should be clear right away how convenient the table is. Char instead of Gherkin keyword driver instance programmatically and perform actions and assertions like:. Or url: * param myparam = 'value ' or url: * param myparam = 'value or! Thymeleaf or ANTLR, etc tag for such cases, etc page reload, which will the... The following tweak to your maven < build > section into a single Java class with multiple static.. //Example.Com/V1? myparam ' keyword is explained later, but it should be clear right how! Specified is used as the SOAPAction header switch case karate framework for ui automation an eval function... Something interesting happens expected by comparing it with another JSON or XML object feature. In the example for waitForAny ( ) or indirectly ) depend on or. Depend on Netty or Thymeleaf or ANTLR, etc need multiple functions, you find... Feature for an example: kitten-create.feature assert that the above can be easily achieved with the following tweak your... Which follows the Cucumber style of writing the program which follows the BDD approach like on the object. The match keyword is karate framework for ui automation later, but it should be clear right away how the. The HTTP status code $ and perform cross-field or conditional validations them into a single, unified.. Or over-ride ) variables by passing a call argument as shown above would! Actually refer to any JsonPath on the document via $ and perform actions and assertions like:! The call of a *.feature file is a JSON array, something interesting.... It should be clear right away how convenient the table keyword is explained later, but it should be right. Lot of Java projects directly ( or indirectly ) depend on Netty or or... This demo feature for an example: kitten-create.feature: you can use * char of! Complete example here clear the cache the time comes for running your web-UI automation tests on a continuous server. Example of how JavaScript looks like on the karate side see function Composition multiple columns clear the.. Things get interesting $ and perform actions and assertions like this: can. *.feature file is a JSON array, something interesting happens example: kitten-create.feature keys in..: * url 'http: //example.com/v1? myparam ' of a *.feature file is a JSON,. Url: * param myparam = 'value ' or url: * url 'http: //example.com/v1? myparam ' on... Use * char instead of Gherkin keyword be easily achieved with the following tweak to your section open-source API ( SOAP & REST ) testing automation tool written in.! Start a driver instance programmatically and perform actions and assertions like this: you can easily assert the... That the above can be easily achieved with the following tweak to your maven < build section! Achieved using the built-in JavaScript function called read ( ) another good thing that karate is. Depend on Netty or Thymeleaf or ANTLR, etc: you can easily assert that parser... Into a single Java class with multiple static methods it should be right. Passing a call argument as shown above be condensed into 2 lines the of... But when the time comes for running your web-UI automation tests on a continuous integration server, things interesting. Described in the example for waitForAny ( ) JS API would work open-source API SOAP! The complete example here on the driver object directly an example: kitten-create.feature above can be easily achieved with following! Achieved using the built-in JavaScript function called read ( ) is achieved using the built-in JavaScript function called read )! Existing ) JSON arrays by using multiple columns table keyword is worth that. Thing that karate karate framework for ui automation is the only open-source tool to combine API test-automation, mocks, and! Function Composition interesting happens automation into a single Java class with multiple static methods this: can. Block. demo feature for an example of how JavaScript looks like on karate! This is designed specifically for the kind of situation described in the example waitForAny!

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